Glossary
# Unix vocaburary
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Most people won`t even notice that they are actually using `roff`. When you read a sy
stem man page roff is working in the background. #roff
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The maximum TTL value is 255. A Recommended initial value is 64.
#TTL in the IPv6 header, TTL is the 8th octet of 40.
#TTL Under IP, TTL is an 8-bit field, in the IPv4 header, TTL is the 9th octet of 20.
TTL(Time to live): a mechanism that limits the life span or lifetime of data in a com
puter or network. TTL prevents a data packet from
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# posix shell
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$ elinks : show text with colors of websites (uninstalled)
$ showkey show keycodes to which mapped keyboard keys #linux #arch
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# English
## 2018
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dish it out : to criticize other people
dish the dirt : to tell people unpleasant or unkind things about sb
dish up : to serve food onto plates for a meal
dish something up : = dish up
~~~
## 2017
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unsound : not acceptable
intuition : the ability to know sth by using your feeling rather than considering the
fact
tuition : the act of teaching sth, especially to one person or in a small group
audit : an official examination of business and financial records to see that they ar
e true and correct.
signatory : a person or an organization ( an entity ) that has signed an official agr
eement
stub : a short piece of pencil, cigaret or something else
takeover : to have over a half of the shares of a company
heuristic : teaching or education encourage you to learn by discovering things for yo
urself
molale : the amount of confidence and enthusiasm
abundance : a large quantity that is more than enough
affiliate : to link a group
perception : the way you notice things, especially with the senses
appraisal : a judgement of the value, performance or the nature of sth
contingent : a group of people at a meeting or an event who have sth in common
stake : 杭 何かを地面から支える鉄、木の支柱 会社を土台から支えるもの、出資金
dunkle (GERMAN) : darkly
comply : to obey a rule
interest : 利益、利息
overhead : resources ( in computing usually processing time or storage space ) : （処
理時間や使用ストレージ容量などの）資源
traverse : 横移動
traverse : an act of crossing an area of land or region : 横断 an act of moving sidew
ays or walking across a steep slope : 縦走
compensate : provide sth good to balance or reduce the bad effects of damage :弁償す
る
e.g. Nothing can compensate for the loss of a loved one.
collude : to work together secretly or illegally in order to trick others collude col
lude collude collude collude
canonicity : the extent to be canonical
1 ; x^2 + x + 9
2 : x^2 + 9 + x
3 : x + x^2 + 9
4 : x + 9 + x^2
canonicity
canonical :
9 + x
x + 9 <= canonical in algebraic notation
augment : increase the amount confine : restrict
threshold : the floor or ground at the bottom of doorway , considered as the entrance
of a room or a building : 敷居
adversary : a person that sb is opposed to and competing with in an argument or a bat
tle.
: ある議題や戦いにおける対立者（対立候補）
takeover : an act of taking control of a company by buying most of its shares
: 株式の大量保有による企業管理（買収）
proponent : a person who support an idea or a course of actions
adversarial : involving people who are in opposition and who make attacks on each oth
er 対立の e.g. adversarial nature of the two party system
empirical : based on experiments empirical evidence
revenue : the money that a government receives from taxes : 歳入
altruism : the fact of caring about the needs and happiness of other people more that
your own : 他人の要請や幸福をより気にしている事実
robust : strong and healthy ; She is almost 90, but still very robust.
informally : not officially
bribe: 賄賂
coalition : a government formed by two or more political parties working together :
連立政権
coordinates coordinate ordinate and abscissa 座標は縦軸と横軸を連動させるものである
coordinate: to organize the different part of an activity and the people involved in
it so that it works well. うまく連動させる
deodorant: a substance that people put on their bodies to prevent or hide unpleasant
smells : 香水
prescription: 処方箋
feasible: that is possible and likely to be achieved
criterion - criteria : a standard or principle by which sth is judged, or with the he
lp of which a decision is made
break up: to separate into smaller pieces
overwhelming powerless : 周囲を圧倒するほどの力不足 powerless to be overwhelmed : 圧
倒されるほどの力不足
indirection: あるアドレスからポインタをインクリメントしながら複製する通常の方法のこと
indirection: (programming) a way of manipulating data via its address
fraudulent: intended to cheat sb, usually in order to make money illegally
namesake : 同一人物
collate: collect information together from different sources in order to examine and
compare it
contract : (verb) shrink ; Glass contracts as it cools <-> expand
intricate: a lot of different parts and small details that fit together
succinct: expressed clearly and in a few words
alleviate: to make less severe ; Bitcoin NG`s design alleviates this problem
advocate : support for sth publicly or explicitly
Gav Would@gavofyork
conflating protocol specification with viable implementation leads to abusive governa
nce. heed the constitution and separate the powers!
conflate : to put two or more things together to make one new thing
viable : that will be successful
viable : that can be done
constitution : the system of laws and basic principles that a state, a country or an
organization is governed by
heed: to pay careful attention to sb`s advice or warning
disseminate : (formal) to spread information, knowledge, etc. so that it reaches many
people.
Drosophila: ショウジョウバエ
retina : a layer of tissue at the back of the eye that is sensitive to light and send
s signals to the brain about what is seen: 網膜
tissue : a mass of cells that form the different parts of humans, animals and plants
abbreviation : a short form of a word: What`s the abbreviation for `Saint`?
judicious : careful and sensible; showing good judgement
ascribe A to B : to consider that A is caused by a particular thing or person(B) ; He
ascribed his failure to bad luck.
vortex: a mass of air, water, etc. that spins around very fast and pulls things into
its centre: 渦
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_fil… #algorithm Bloom filter
False negative (Type II error): Truth absence error
False positive (Type I error): false added error
paradigm: a typical example or pattern
invoke: to call on for aid or protection: 後ろ盾（救済）のために呼び出す
View on Twitter
invoke: ~ sth to mention or use a law, rule, etc. as a reason for doing sth; （法、理
論、神、感覚が）後ろ盾となるように〜をする （法）を行使する （理論）を述べる （神）に
祈祷する （物）を想起させる
functionality : (computing) the range of functions that a computer can perform ; new
software with additional functionality
arduous : involving a lot of effort an d energy, especially over a period of time; an
arduous journey across the Andes
dragnet : a net to be drawn along the bottom of a body of water, as in fishing: そこ
からすべてをかっさらう網
conduit : 2, a person, an organization or a country that is used to pass things or in
formation to other people or places: 仲介人
conduit : a pipe, channel or tube which liquid, gas or electrical wire can pass throu
gh : 導体
英語は、日本でいうところの「妥協」の危険性を強く意識した、 より客観的（あるいは個人主
義ともいいますが細部にまで気をくばったよりバグの少ない）言語であるという事が、 compro
mise と言う言葉に色濃く現れています。 日本では、妥協=危険とはなっていません。
compromise : 約束と約束を合体する -> 妥協する ~~ 個人の意に100%合致しないものをつくる
-> 個人を危険に晒す
fuss : unnecessary excitement, worry and activity
retard : to make the development or progress of sth slower: 後回しにする
from the ground up: 土台から最上部まで-> 徹底的に
constituency : a district that elects its own representative to parliament
constituent : a person who lives, and can vote in a constituency : 選挙権を持った住人
compromise : 1.妥協点を見出す 2. to do sth that is against your principles or does no
t reach standards that you have set:~の意に反して行う
notion : an idea, a belief or an understanding of sth; apolitical system based on the
notions of equality and liberty
girth : the measurement around sth, especially a person`s waist:周囲長,とりわけお腹周
り
an ample bosom: 豊満な胸
ample : 2. large, often in an attractive way: an ample bosom / These clothes belonged
to a man of more ample girth.
ample : enough or more than enough: There was ample time to get to the airport. / Amp
le free parking is available.
jurisdiction : 1. 裁く権利 2. an Area or a Country in which a particular system of la
ws has authority : 法治国家（地域）
鼻息をたててネットワークを監視する人
a network sniffer: those who monitor network traffic, taking snapshot copies of the d
ata but without redirecting or altering it.:
sniff : 鼻息をならす-> 不満げに言う(to say sth in complaining or disapproving way
sniff : to breathe air in through your nose in a way that makes a sound : 鼻息をなら
す
~~~
## IELTS
strategies for IELTS might apply only for my case
### Listening
There are 3 big classes
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BOX = noun | adjective | verb
e.g.
S is a _ . <= none
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the company is old-fashioned
the company needs modanisation
workers are motivated
workers are keen
workers are enthuasistic
### Reading
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be prone to ~ suffer from ~
morale : the amount of confidence
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### Writing
Greenacres Ltd is an old company which has the largest market share except the term from 2000 to 2010. On the other hand, Carsons Ltd is the company which has the smallest market share.
With the emerging Farm Implemented Ltd, the market share of Greenacres Ltd has shrunk from 1995 to 2000, whereas Carsons Ltd did not decrease with the emergence. Carsons Ltd strongly holds the hearts of customers. That is why I could recommend Carsons of the three. It seems that Carsons might sell a good product or its original product, or something else.
The whole market share has grown steadily, and the increasing rate is declining. This meaans the market is near a saturation point. The graph shows Greenacres Ltd had reduced their share by 2 times, which suggests some big addcident might have occured. But in 2012, it has recovered totally and has had again the biggest share then. It is also notable how rapidly and constantly Farm Implements Ltd has grown.
In the last part of 20th century, there emerged a significant, quite new, and innovative technology, computers and the intenet. We are going to an era in which we cannot tell problems without the technologies.
There are features which a country has.
...
So, one task which a government should do is to make a great investement for such formal language on the internet.
The language must be simple structured and strictly-ruled with Logic. To handle Logic there need a highly educated mathematics. So we need mathematics and lanugages first at all.
The second one is to invest in science which is based on maths and languages.
..
Unlike English, for example, Japanese Language has plenty if characters, which allows verbose representations or ambiguities a lot.
The second thing is weather or the environment where a country is located. which determines the amount of rainfall, the temperature, and therefore determines lots of things which is carsed by the factors. In cold regions, people tend to act logically because dancing or playing there get rid of heat from them. Lack of heat cause death immediately. ...
So we have to be careful where a country is situated and supplement the element which the country lacks.
...
need to be designed / planed
predict as much as possible